Male Reproductive
Wordbytes
acro-
top
men-
month
crypt-
hidden
Andro-
man
corp
body
mamm-; mast-
breast
hyster(o)
uterus
dys-
difficult, painful
-metrium
uterus
-genesis
formation
oo-, ov-
egg
gonia-
offspring
gyneco-
woman
orchid-
testis
Male Anatomy
Chromosomal Determination The human male has sex chromosomes XY. The Y chromosome comparatively contains very few genes (section of DNA that codes for a protein). One of these genes is the Sex-Determining Region Y (SRY) that will encourage the formation of male gonads. Without this gene, the individual will be female.
Male Function Humans require a male and female gamete for reproduction (sexual reproduction). The purpose of the male reproductive system is to produce the spermatozoa and accompanying fluids necessary to create an embryo.
Male Tubular System Seminiferous tubules (spermatogenesis occurs here) Rete tubules - transport Epididymis - maturation and storage, includes the head, body, and tail Ductus deferens/Vas deferens - transport Urethra
Cells Sertoli: (nurse cells) produce estrogen, make up the seminiferous tubules and epididymis Leydig: (interstitial cells): between the seminiferous tubules that respond to LH to synthesize testosterone
Negative Feedback Control Mechanism Hypothalamus releases GnRH carried through the blood portal system to the adenohypophysis Produces LH and FSH LH produces testosterone which reduces GnRH Reduces LH and FSH decreasing testosterone, which increases GnRH More LH and FSH creates more testosterone
Structures Testes/ Testicles: paired oval glands in scrotum. Rete testis: tubes that connect the testes to the epididymis Epididymis: has a head, body, and tail. This is the site of sperm maturation and storage. Ductus deferens: transports sperm during sexual arousal from the epididymis to the urethra
Spermatozoa Development The mature spermatozoon is developed through a process called spermatogenesis, a specific form of meiosis that produces the male gamete. Spermatogenesis occurs within the seminiferous tubules. ​ Stages of development 1. Spermatogonia: male diploid stem cells 2. Primary spermatocytes: diploid cells that have undergone the S phase of interphase (DNA replication) 3. Secondary spermatocytes: after the first meiotic division 4. Spermatids: after meiosis II 5. Spermatozoon/spermatozoa: undergone maturation
Spermatozoa Structure Structure Compacted cell with: -head: contains the genetic material and is covered by the acrosome which will release digestive enzymes during fertilization and engages the vitelline block - midpiece: contains many mitochondria required for propulsion through the female tract -tail: allows for propulsion through a spinning, wavelike motion
Spermatozoa Release Pathway (SEVEN UP) Seminiferous tubules Epididymis Vas deferens (Ductus deferens) Ejaculatory duct Urethra Penis ​
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Capacitation: changes to the sperm head that allows for the sperm to be able to fertilize the oocyte