Endocrine
Unit 14 Synopsis
Wordbytes
Adeno-
gland
Andro-
man
Crin-
to secrete
Gen-
to create
Exo-
outside
Para-
abnormal
Endo-
within
-tocin
childbirth
-tropin
change
Endo
Chemicals
Neuro
Electrical and Chemical
Endocrine and Nervous System Comparisons
Hormone Classification
Steroidal hormones:
Cholesterol derived
Intracellular receptors
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Examples: Progesterone (P4), estrogen (E2), Testosterone, Cortisol, Aldosterone
Non-steroidal hormones: require secondary messenger (typically cAMP)
Amino acid derivatives
Tryptophan or Tyrosine derivatives
Can be stored prior to release
Cell membrane receptors
Peptide hormones
Released immediately after production
Cell membrane receptor
Glands
Pineal:
Produces melatonin for circadian cycle regulation
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Pituitary (hypophysis):
Master gland
Hormone secretion is regulated by hormones secreted from the hypothalamus
Broken down into 2 sections:
Anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis)
Posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis)
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Thyroid: Hormones that affect metabolic rate
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Adrenal: stress, metabolism, and immunity
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Pancreas: blood sugar regulation
Uterus: Reproduction, allows for growth of fetus
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Ovaries: gamete (oogenesis) development
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Testes: spermatogenesis​
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Hormones
Hormone Interactions
Permissive effect: one hormone is released to allow the functioning of another hormone
Example: Growth hormone releasing hormone (hypothalamus) allows the release of growth hormone from the pituitary gland;
Gonadotropin releasing hormone allows for the release of various gonadotropins (hormones that have a positive effect on reproductive organs)
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Antagonistic effect: hormones that have opposing effects
Example: Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone; insulin and glucagon
Synergistic effect: hormones that similar functions and, when combined, have an amplified effect
Example: Luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone
